The shores of Lake Naivasha are reminiscent of Almeria. Not because of the landscape – it is one of the most humid areas of Kenya – but because of the many greenhouses along the shore. There aren’t any strawberries or tomatoes in the greenhouses, but roses, carnations and irises abound. Kenya is the fourth largest flower exporter in the world. Seventy percent of its production is concentrated around this lake that is 90 kilometres northeast of the capital, Nairobi. While zebras and giraffes graze around the plantations, the workers’ rights are violated inside. The objective:

obtain more profits. Numerous reports from various international organisations have condemned the situation. The most recent, which this newspaper had access to, is from March 2013 and is signed by the Catholic Justice and Peace Commission of the Nakuru Diocese, an organisation for the defence of Human Rights. Employers supervise the environment and the employees. There are no fines for producers that contaminate the lake or endanger the health of the individuals who spend the entire day hunched over the flowers, breathing in fertiliser and pesticides. Trade unionism is punished with dismissal or contracts are not renewed. This is the situation that was verified by a team of journalists thanks to a pharmacy technician programs canada collaboration between El Mundo and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, despite the fact that the grounds’ security workers prevented camera use in and around the greenhouses. Working until twilight The sun frames the workday. At dawn the workers begin to make their

way toward the greenhouses. Many walk several kilometres; the lucky ones travel by bus or matatu, a mini-bus that carries dozens of passengers. The workday ends at dusk. For twelve hours of work, they make less than 40 Kenyan shillings, roughly 0.33 euros a day. In Spain, the price of a bouquet of Kenyan roses at a florist costs around 30 euros. The majority of the workers live in areas and shantytowns near the plantations. Some of the neighbourhoods are built by the company. In exchange, they deduct rent and utilities from the employees’ salaries, according to Silas Mwiti, a freelance journalist that covers the Naivasha region. It’s common to see livestock and small vegetable gardens used to supplement a family’s income. All of the days are the same: on the equator, the sun’s hours don’t vary. This phenomenon, combined

with the humidity of the lake and the cialis online equatorial temperatures, increases the efficiency of plant growth. The only changes are in the ownership of the plantations. Historically, Kenya’s flower business has been in the hands of Dutch business canadian pharmacy cipa owners that are nevertheless selling their companies to new investors. In particular, this involves rich Indian residents that arrived with the British colonists and remained in the country after independence. They represent a powerful minority that also controls key businesses like banks and supermarkets. The workers’ neighbourhood, without electricity Sher Karuturi Ltd, the largest flower producer in Kenya, is now Indian-owned. The company exports one and a half million roses to Europe every day, according to its website, but the neighbourhood constructed for its workers has no electricity as a result of a default on payments: Sher Karuturi alleges it has financial problems that contrast with the millions in profits it claims to earn annually from the sale of flowers. The hospital, paid by the company and which provided services to the workers, is no longer operating because of the lack of electricity. Trade unionist Issa Werukha Wafulla welcomes us in a modest grill in Naivasha. It is a precarious shack where they serve simple dishes, like nyama choma (roast beef) and ugali (a compact grain similar to couscous). Wafulla is a former flower picker who now works for the trade union Kenya Plantations and Agriculture Workers Union (KPAWU) that acted as the agriculture section of the Central Organization of Trade Unions (COTU), Kenya’s largest trade

union. He is in Naivasha to meet with the owners of Sher Karuturi. He

wants to try to bring electricity back to the neighbourhood and the workers. His attempt is in vain: the owners won’t even let him enter the plantation and they break off any type of negotiation. “Its reopening isn’t expected in the short-term. This is going to go on for some time yet”, he says with an air of resignation. What does the labour union plan to do? Wafulla says nothing in response. Karuturi Hospital was constructed by the former Dutch proprietors. Despite providing services at highly reduced rates, their practices were of dubious legality. John Ojimbi, one of the authors of the Human Rights report and a member of the Catholic Justice and Peace Commission, reports, “when a labourer gets sick, the health centre doesn’t provide him or her with the medical report; it is sent to the company”. Structure would be fundamental in an environment that lacks the appropriate material to work in plantations full of fertilisers and pesticides. The first symptoms are dizziness and skin diseases, but the workers,

Ojimbi reports, don’t have access to basic palliative treatment. As they aren’t edible, the flowers can avoid any sort of regulatory pesticide supervision for fruits and vegetables. The flowers need to be attractive. viagra nebebwirkungen Otherwise, they lose all their market value. The former Dutch owners treated them and hid the evidence. “Now with the Indians we don’t even have the hospital”, Issa Wafulla complains bitterly.

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According to the report “Bitter Blossom” of the English NGO War on Want, 75% of the plantation labourers are women.

The same report states that, “sexual harassment at the plantations is very common, due in part to the

labour conditions that tend to endanger women’s safety”. Working at a greenhouse is to work in a very open and solitary environment, since the protective helmet and noise of the wind hitting the plastic have an auditory

isolation effect.

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diocese of Nakuru also decried these sex abuse cases and pointed out incidents in which the overseers asked for sexual favours from potential female labourers in exchange for a job. Naivasha has no organisation where these attacks can be reported.

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“Thanks to every rose, a Kenyan child can eat” Trade unionist Issa Werukha Wafulla talks about the flower sector’s goals in Kenya and how more and more it has had an increased impact on the international market. He focuses on the economy and avoids the human rights accusations made by NGOs and activists. At many points during the conversation he sounds as though he belongs to an employers’ organisation rather than a labour union. “Don’t say that for every canadian cialis pharmacy rose, a Kenyan child dies; say that thanks to every rose, a child can eat”, he repeats on several occasions. Wafulla is terrified of a possible international boycott. The workers of Naivasha, he claims, need flowers to sell in order to continue to survive. And every day they cultivate the bitter fragrance of Kenyan roses. —-

This article was also published on elmundo.es

Landquest by Internews Kenya is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Permissions beyond the scope of this license may be available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/.

Las orillas del lago Naivaisha recuerdan a Almería. No por el paisaje -es una de las zonas más húmedas de Kenia- sino por el mar de plástico que hace las veces viagra before and after tumblr de orilla. En los invernaderos no hay fresas ni tomates; abundan las rosas, claveles y una gran variedad de lirios.

Kenia es el cuarto exportador de flores del mundo. El 70% de su producción se concentra alrededor de este lago, 90 kilómetros al noreste de la capital, Nairobi. Mientras cebras y jirafas pastan alrededor de las plantaciones, dentro se violan los derechos de los trabajadores. El objetivo: conseguir más beneficios económicos. Numerosos informes de diversas organizaciones internacionales denuncian la situación. El más reciente, al que ha tenido acceso este periódico, tiene fecha de marzo del 2013 y lo firma la Comisión de Justicia y Paz de la Diócesis de Nakuru, organización católica de defensa de los Derechos Humanos. Los empresarios controlan el entorno y los trabajadores. No hay multas para los productores que contaminan el lago ni para los que perjudican la salud de quienes pasan todo el día curvados sobre las flores, respirando con abonos y pesticidas. El sindicalismo está penado con el despido o la no renovación de contrato. Es la situación que ha podido comprobar un equipo de periodistas gracias a la colaboración entre El Mundo y la Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, a pesar de que los empleados de seguridad del recinto impidan grabar el interior y el exterior de los invernaderos. Jornada hasta el crepúsculo El sol marca la jornada laboral. Al amanecer empieza el movimiento de los trabajadores hacia los invernaderos. Muchos andan varios kilómetros; los afortunados se desplazan en autobús o matatu, una furgoneta que lleva decenas de pasajeros. La jornada durará hasta el crepúsculo. Por doce horas de trabajo,

cobran menos de 40 chelines kenianos, unos 33 céntimos de euro al día. En España el precio del ramo de hypertension and viagra rosas de Kenia en una floristería ronda los 30 euros. La mayor parte de los trabajadores viven en poblados y chabolas alrededor de las plantaciones. Algunos barrios están construidos por la empresa. A cambio, descuentan del sueldo del trabajador el alquiler y los suministros, según explica Silas Mwiti, periodista freelance que cubre la zona de Naivasha. Entre las precarias viviendas es frecuente ver animales y pequeños huertos para complementar los ingresos familiares. Los días son todos iguales: en el ecuador del mundo, las horas de sol no varían. Este fenómeno, combinado con la humedad del lago y las temperaturas

ecuatoriales, aumenta el rendimiento en el crecimiento de las plantas. Los cambios vienen por la propiedad de las plantaciones. El negocio de las flores de Kenia ha estado históricamente en manos de empresarios holandeses, que, sin embargo, están vendiendo sus empresas a nuevos inversores. Se trata sobre todo de ricos habitantes de la India, que llegaron con los colones británicos y permanecieron en el país después de la independencia. Representan una minoría poderosa que controla, pharmacy college of canada además, negocios clave como bancos y supermercados. El barrio de los trabajadores, sin luz Sher Karuturi Ltd, la productora de flores más grande de Kenia, ahora es de propiedad india. La empresa exporta cada día un millón y medio de rosas a Europa, según detalla en su página web, pero el barrio construido para sus trabajadores no tiene electricidad por impagos: Sher Karuturi alega problemas financieros que contrastan con los millones de beneficios que asegura recaudar anualmente de la venta de rosas. El hospital, pagado por la empresa y que daba servicio a los trabajadores, ha dejado de funcionar por falta de electricidad. El sindicalista Issa Werukha Wafulla nos recibe en un modesto asador de Navaisah. Es una precaria chabola de chapa donde sirven platos sencillos, como nyama choma (carne asada) y ugali (un grano compacto similar al cuscús). Wafulla es un antiguo recolector de flores que ahora trabaja para el sindicato Kenya Plantations and Agriculture Workers Union (KPAWU) que actúa cómo la sección agrícola de la Central Organization of Trade Unions (COTU), el sindicato más grande de Kenia. Está en Naivasha para reunirse con los propietarios de Sher Karuturi. Quiere intentar devolver la electricidad al barrio y hospital de los trabajadores. Su intento es en vano: los propietarios no le dejan ni siquiera entrar en la plantación y rompen cualquier tipo de negociación. “No está prevista su reapertura a corto plazo. Va para largo”, asegura con aire resignado. ¿Y qué tiene previsto hacer el sindicato? Wafulla responde con un

silencio. El Hospital Karuturi fue construido por los antiguos propietarios holandeses. Pese a dar servicio a precios muy reducidos, sus

prácticas eran de

dudosa legalidad. John Ojimbi, uno de los autores del informe sobre Derechos Humanos y miembro de la comisión de Justicia y Paz, denuncia: “cuando un obrero enferma el centro sanitario no le entrega el informe médico, sino que lo remite a la empresa”. La estructura sería fundamental en un entorno donde falta el material adecuado para trabajar en plantaciones llenas de abonos y pesticidas. Los primeros síntomas son mareos y enfermedades cutáneas, pero los trabajadores, denuncia Ojimbi, no tienen acceso a paliativos básicos. Al no ser comestibles, las flores se escapan de cualquier control de regulación de pesticidas para frutas y verduras. La flor tiene que ser atractiva. En caso contrario, pierde todo el valor de mercado. Los antiguos propietarios holandeses los trataban y escondían las pruebas. “Ahora con los indios no tenemos ni el hospital”, se queja amargamente Issa Wafulla.

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Según el informe Amargo Florecer de la ONG inglesa War on Want, el 75% de los trabajadores de la plantaciones son mujeres . El mismo informe afirma que “el acoso sexual en las fincas es muy común, en parte debido a las condiciones de trabajo que tienden a poner en peligro la seguridad de las mujeres”. Trabajar en un invernadero es hacerlo en un entorno muy amplio y solitario, ya que el casco protector y el ruido del viento al golpear el plástico provocan un aislamiento auditivo.

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El informe de Derechos Humanos de la diócesis de Nakuru también denuncia estos abusos sexuales. Y señala casos en los que capataces piden favores sexuales a posibles trabajadoras a cambio de un empleo. En Naivasha no existe ninguna organización a la que denunciar estos ataques. “Gracias a cada rosa un niño keniata puede comer” El sindicalista Issa Werukha Wafulla habla de los retos del sector de las flores en Kenia y de cómo cada vez consiguen más repercusión en el mercado internacional. Profundiza en la economía y rehúye las denuncias de derechos laborales que hacen ONGs y activistas. En muchos momentos de la conversación parece más que pertenezca a la patronal de plantaciones que no a un sindicato de trabajadores. “No digas que por cada rosa muere un niño keniata; di que gracias a cada rosa un niño puede comer”, repite en varias ocasiones. Wafulla tiene pánico a un posible boicot internacional. Los trabajadores de Naivasha, asegura, necesitan que se vendan flores para seguir sobreviviendo. Y, cada día, cultivan el perfume amargo de las rosas de Kenia. —- Este artículo buy viagra no prescription también fue publicado en elmundo.es

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